base64.c

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/**
 * @file base64.c
 * @brief Base64 encoding scheme
 *
 * @section License
 *
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2010-2024 Oryx Embedded SARL. All rights reserved.
 *
 * This file is part of CycloneCRYPTO Open.
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
 * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
 * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
 * Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
 *
 * @section Description
 *
 * Base64 is a encoding scheme that represents binary data in an ASCII string
 * format by translating it into a radix-64 representation. Refer to RFC 4648
 * for more details
 *
 * @author Oryx Embedded SARL (www.oryx-embedded.com)
 * @version 2.4.0
 **/
 
//Switch to the appropriate trace level
#define TRACE_LEVEL CRYPTO_TRACE_LEVEL
 
//Dependencies
#include "core/crypto.h"
#include "encoding/base64.h"
 
//Check crypto library configuration
#if (BASE64_SUPPORT == ENABLED)
 
//Base64 encoding table
static const char_t base64EncTable[64] =
{
   'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P',
   'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f',
   'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v',
   'w', 'x', 'y', 'z', '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '+', '/'
};
 
//Base64 decoding table
static const uint8_t base64DecTable[128] =
{
   0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
   0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
   0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x3E, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x3F,
   0x34, 0x35, 0x36, 0x37, 0x38, 0x39, 0x3A, 0x3B, 0x3C, 0x3D, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
   0xFF, 0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x09, 0x0A, 0x0B, 0x0C, 0x0D, 0x0E,
   0x0F, 0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13, 0x14, 0x15, 0x16, 0x17, 0x18, 0x19, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF,
   0xFF, 0x1A, 0x1B, 0x1C, 0x1D, 0x1E, 0x1F, 0x20, 0x21, 0x22, 0x23, 0x24, 0x25, 0x26, 0x27, 0x28,
   0x29, 0x2A, 0x2B, 0x2C, 0x2D, 0x2E, 0x2F, 0x30, 0x31, 0x32, 0x33, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF
};
 
 
/**
 * @brief Base64 multiline encoding
 * @param[in] input Input data to encode
 * @param[in] inputLen Length of the data to encode
 * @param[out] output NULL-terminated string encoded with Base64 algorithm
 * @param[out] outputLen Length of the encoded string (optional parameter)
 * @param[in] lineWidth Number of characters per line
 **/
 
void base64EncodeMultiline(const void *input, size_t inputLen, char_t *output,
   size_t *outputLen, size_t lineWidth)
{
   size_t i;
   size_t j;
   size_t n;
   size_t length;
 
   //Encode the input data using Base64
   base64Encode(input, inputLen, output, &length);
 
   //Calculate the number of CRLF sequences to insert
   if(length > 0 && lineWidth > 0)
   {
      n = (length - 1) / lineWidth;
   }
   else
   {
      n = 0;
   }
 
   //If the output parameter is NULL, then the function calculates the length
   //of the multiline string without copying any data
   if(n != 0 && input != NULL && output != NULL)
   {
      //Initialize indexes
      i = length;
      j = length + 2 * n;
 
      //Properly terminate the string with a NULL character
      output[j] = '\0';
 
      //Split the Base64 string into multiple lines
      while(i > 0 && j > 0)
      {
         //Copy current character
         output[--j] = output[--i];
 
         //Insert a CRLF sequence when necessary to limit the length of the line
         if(j >= 2 && (i % lineWidth) == 0)
         {
            output[--j] = '\n';
            output[--j] = '\r';
         }
      }
   }
 
   //Length of the encoded string (excluding the terminating NULL)
   if(outputLen != NULL)
   {
      *outputLen = length + 2 * n;
   }
}
 
 
/**
 * @brief Base64 encoding algorithm
 * @param[in] input Input data to encode
 * @param[in] inputLen Length of the data to encode
 * @param[out] output NULL-terminated string encoded with Base64 algorithm
 * @param[out] outputLen Length of the encoded string (optional parameter)
 **/
 
void base64Encode(const void *input, size_t inputLen, char_t *output,
   size_t *outputLen)
{
   size_t n;
   uint8_t a;
   uint8_t b;
   uint8_t c;
   uint8_t d;
   const uint8_t *p;
 
   //Point to the first byte of the input data
   p = (const uint8_t *) input;
 
   //Divide the input stream into blocks of 3 bytes
   n = inputLen / 3;
 
   //A full encoding quantum is always completed at the end of a quantity
   if(inputLen == (n * 3 + 1))
   {
      //The final quantum of encoding input is exactly 8 bits
      if(input != NULL && output != NULL)
      {
         //Read input data
         a = (p[n * 3] & 0xFC) >> 2;
         b = (p[n * 3] & 0x03) << 4;
 
         //The final unit of encoded output will be two characters followed
         //by two "=" padding characters
         output[n * 4] = base64EncTable[a];
         output[n * 4 + 1] = base64EncTable[b];
         output[n * 4 + 2] = '=';
         output[n * 4 + 3] = '=';
         output[n * 4 + 4] = '\0';
      }
 
      //Length of the encoded string (excluding the terminating NULL)
      if(outputLen != NULL)
      {
         *outputLen = n * 4 + 4;
      }
   }
   else if(inputLen == (n * 3 + 2))
   {
      //The final quantum of encoding input is exactly 16 bits
      if(input != NULL && output != NULL)
      {
         //Read input data
         a = (p[n * 3] & 0xFC) >> 2;
         b = ((p[n * 3] & 0x03) << 4) | ((p[n * 3 + 1] & 0xF0) >> 4);
         c = (p[n * 3 + 1] & 0x0F) << 2;
 
         //The final unit of encoded output will be three characters followed
         //by one "=" padding character
         output[n * 4] = base64EncTable[a];
         output[n * 4 + 1] = base64EncTable[b];
         output[n * 4 + 2] = base64EncTable[c];
         output[n * 4 + 3] = '=';
         output[n * 4 + 4] = '\0';
      }
 
      //Length of the encoded string (excluding the terminating NULL)
      if(outputLen != NULL)
      {
         *outputLen = n * 4 + 4;
      }
   }
   else
   {
      //The final quantum of encoding input is an integral multiple of 24 bits
      if(output != NULL)
      {
         //The final unit of encoded output will be an integral multiple of 4
         //characters with no "=" padding
         output[n * 4] = '\0';
      }
 
      //Length of the encoded string (excluding the terminating NULL)
      if(outputLen != NULL)
      {
         *outputLen = n * 4;
      }
   }
 
   //If the output parameter is NULL, then the function calculates the length
   //of the resulting Base64 string without copying any data
   if(input != NULL && output != NULL)
   {
      //The input data is processed block by block
      while(n-- > 0)
      {
         //Read input data
         a = (p[n * 3] & 0xFC) >> 2;
         b = ((p[n * 3] & 0x03) << 4) | ((p[n * 3 + 1] & 0xF0) >> 4);
         c = ((p[n * 3 + 1] & 0x0F) << 2) | ((p[n * 3 + 2] & 0xC0) >> 6);
         d = p[n * 3 + 2] & 0x3F;
 
         //Map each 3-byte block to 4 printable characters using the Base64
         //character set
         output[n * 4] = base64EncTable[a];
         output[n * 4 + 1] = base64EncTable[b];
         output[n * 4 + 2] = base64EncTable[c];
         output[n * 4 + 3] = base64EncTable[d];
      }
   }
}
 
 
/**
 * @brief Base64 decoding algorithm
 * @param[in] input Base64-encoded string
 * @param[in] inputLen Length of the encoded string
 * @param[out] output Resulting decoded data
 * @param[out] outputLen Length of the decoded data
 * @return Error code
 **/
 
error_t base64Decode(const char_t *input, size_t inputLen, void *output,
   size_t *outputLen)
{
   error_t error;
   uint32_t value;
   uint_t c;
   size_t i;
   size_t j;
   size_t n;
   size_t padLen;
   uint8_t *p;
 
   //Check parameters
   if(input == NULL && inputLen != 0)
      return ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
   if(outputLen == NULL)
      return ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
 
   //Initialize status code
   error = NO_ERROR;
 
   //Point to the buffer where to write the decoded data
   p = (uint8_t *) output;
 
   //Initialize variables
   j = 0;
   n = 0;
   value = 0;
   padLen = 0;
 
   //Process the Base64-encoded string
   for(i = 0; i < inputLen && !error; i++)
   {
      //Get current character
      c = (uint_t) input[i];
 
      //Check the value of the current character
      if(c == '\r' || c == '\n')
      {
         //CR and LF characters should be ignored
      }
      else if(c == '=')
      {
         //Increment the number of pad characters
         padLen++;
      }
      else if(c < 128 && base64DecTable[c] < 64 && padLen == 0)
      {
         //Decode the current character
         value = (value << 6) | base64DecTable[c];
 
         //Divide the input stream into blocks of 4 characters
         if(++j == 4)
         {
            //Map each 4-character block to 3 bytes
            if(p != NULL)
            {
               p[n] = (value >> 16) & 0xFF;
               p[n + 1] = (value >> 8) & 0xFF;
               p[n + 2] = value & 0xFF;
            }
 
            //Adjust the length of the decoded data
            n += 3;
 
            //Decode next block
            j = 0;
            value = 0;
         }
      }
      else
      {
         //Implementations must reject the encoded data if it contains
         //characters outside the base alphabet (refer to RFC 4648,
         //section 3.3)
         error = ERROR_INVALID_CHARACTER;
      }
   }
 
   //Check status code
   if(!error)
   {
      //Check the number of pad characters
      if(padLen == 0 && j == 0)
      {
         //No pad characters in this case
      }
      else if(padLen == 1 && j == 3)
      {
         //The "=" sequence indicates that the last block contains only 2 bytes
         if(p != NULL)
         {
            //Decode the last two bytes
            p[n] = (value >> 10) & 0xFF;
            p[n + 1] = (value >> 2) & 0xFF;
         }
 
         //Adjust the length of the decoded data
         n += 2;
      }
      else if(padLen == 2 && j == 2)
      {
         //The "==" sequence indicates that the last block contains only 1 byte
         if(p != NULL)
         {
            //Decode the last byte
            p[n] = (value >> 4) & 0xFF;
         }
 
         //Adjust the length of the decoded data
         n++;
         //Skip trailing pad characters
         i++;
      }
      else
      {
         //The length of the input string must be a multiple of 4
         error = ERROR_INVALID_LENGTH;
      }
   }
 
   //Total number of bytes that have been written
   *outputLen = n;
 
   //Return status code
   return error;
}
 
#endif